... with crystallographic data of MD-2 bound to TLR4 antagonists Lipid IVa [ 20 ] and Eritoran [ 21 ], has revealed some fundamental structural aspects of the TLR4 dimerization process and the molecular basis of TLR4 agonism and antagonism ( Figure 1 ). Figure 1 ( A ) Structure of the (TLR4–MD-2–LPS) 2 complex from...

... such as antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, antimicrobial peptide resistance and pro-inflammatory lipid A structures. Lipid A is a component of the lipopolysaccharide cell wall present on bacteria and is recognized by TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4). Its detection elicits a pro-inflammatory response...