... potential cardiac myocyte: fibroblast coupling connexin fibrosis gap junction ischaemia The trigger for cardiac contraction begins in the sinoatrial node (SAN), where electrical impulses are transmitted through the atria causing them to contract. Signals are delayed at the atrioventricular node...

... The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society 2014 angiogenesis ischaemia microRNA (miRNA) stem cell vascular cell miRNAs are a family of short (20–26 nt) evolutionary conserved non-coding ssRNAs that are known to regulate or silence gene expression by repressing protein...

... temperatures. Such deactivation occurs in vitro in the absence of substrates or in vivo during ischaemia, when the ubiquinone pool is reduced. The D-form can undergo reactivation given both NADH and ubiquinone availability during slow ( k ~1–10 min −1 ) catalytic turnover(s). We examined known conformational...

... 2010 α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) endosome ischaemia plasticity protein that interacts with protein C-kinase 1 (PICK1) trafficking AMPARs [AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) receptors] mediate most of the fast excitatory synaptic...

...Seppo Ylä-Herttuala Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising new concept for the treatment of myocardial and peripheral ischaemia. Members of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family are among the most powerful modulators of angiogenesis. They regulate vascular growth and maintenance...

... and ATP insufficiency play closely interlocked roles that may be investigated with primary neuronal cultures. 1 email dnicholls@buckinstitute.org 4 7 2009 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society 2009 ATP excitotoxicity glutamate ischaemia mitochondrion...

... should be addressed (email p.riley@ich.ucl.ac.uk ). 1 5 2009 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society 2009 cardiovascular regenerative medicine epicardium ischaemia neovascularization regeneration thymosin β4 The key signalling molecules and cell...

... death pathways induced by cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. PKC (protein kinase C) ϵ plays a critical role in cardioprotective signalling pathways that protect the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion. Emerging evidence suggests that the cardioprotective target of PKCϵ resides at the mitochondria...

... 2007 inflammation interleukin-1 (IL-1) interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) ischaemia neurodegenerative disease stroke Inflammation is generally a beneficial response of an organism to infection but, when prolonged or inappropriate, it can be detrimental. Neuronal loss in acute...

... 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CO-RM) guanylate cyclase haem oxygenase inflammation ischaemia vasodilatation Figure 1 Chemical structure of lipid-soluble and water-soluble CORMs The chemical structures of lipid-soluble (CORM-1 and CORM-2...

... be addressed (email jdoukas@targegen.com ). 30 10 2006 © 2007 The Biochemical Society 2007 inflammation ischaemia myocardial infarction oedema phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) MI (myocardial infarction) represents the heart's attempt to manage an I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury...

... during acute brain ischaemia is multifactorial and complex [ 1 ]. Efforts to accurately model this process are hampered by the sheer number of participating molecular mechanisms and by their intricate interplay. For example, a list of general pathobiological mechanisms in acute brain ischaemia (each...

... of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 711, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A. (email vdawson@jhmi.edu ). 22 7 2006 © 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 brain excitotoxicity ischaemia preconditioning stroke To begin to uncover...

... increases after focal ischaemia in the rat, particularly in reactive astrocytes and microglia cells [ 29 , 31 ], indicating that JAK/STAT is an important mediator of inflammatory responses in brain ischaemia. A strong increase in the expression of STAT3 [ 29 ] and STAT1 [ 30 ] occurs in reactive microglia...

... cell death of the heart and brain that occurs during reperfusion after a long period of ischaemia. Such reperfusion injury is a major problem during cardiac surgery and in the treatment of coronary thrombosis and stroke. Prevention of MPTP opening either directly, using agents such as cyclosporin...

... membranes can be detected in saponin-skinned fibres with spectrophotometric and oxygraphic methods. This is of special interest in respect to acute impairment of mitochondria during ischaemia/reperfusion. 6 8 1999 © 2000 Biochemical Society 2000 OM, outer membrane IMS, intermembrane space...