... potential cardiac myocyte: fibroblast coupling connexin fibrosis gap junction ischaemia The trigger for cardiac contraction begins in the sinoatrial node (SAN), where electrical impulses are transmitted through the atria causing them to contract. Signals are delayed at the atrioventricular node...

... the potential of miRNAs as new clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email Costanza.Emanueli@bristol.ac.uk ). 30 9 2014 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society 2014 angiogenesis ischaemia microRNA (miRNA...

... temperatures. Such deactivation occurs in vitro in the absence of substrates or in vivo during ischaemia, when the ubiquinone pool is reduced. The D-form can undergo reactivation given both NADH and ubiquinone availability during slow ( k ~1–10 min −1 ) catalytic turnover(s). We examined known conformational...

... 2010 α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) endosome ischaemia plasticity protein that interacts with protein C-kinase 1 (PICK1) trafficking AMPARs [AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) receptors] mediate most of the fast excitatory synaptic...

... and ATP insufficiency play closely interlocked roles that may be investigated with primary neuronal cultures. 1 email dnicholls@buckinstitute.org 4 7 2009 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society 2009 ATP excitotoxicity glutamate ischaemia mitochondrion...

... medicine epicardium ischaemia neovascularization regeneration thymosin β4 Ischaemic heart disease resulting in MI (myocardial infarction) causes irreversible cell loss and scarring, which in turn predisposes to a second infarction event or maladaptive remodelling, myopathy and heart failure...

...Seppo Ylä-Herttuala Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising new concept for the treatment of myocardial and peripheral ischaemia. Members of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family are among the most powerful modulators of angiogenesis. They regulate vascular growth and maintenance...

... 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CO-RM) guanylate cyclase haem oxygenase inflammation ischaemia vasodilatation The strong affinity of CO (carbon monoxide) for the reduced iron-haem in Hb, which is approx. 220-fold higher than the affinity of Hb...

...-1RA) ischaemia neurodegenerative disease stroke Inflammation is generally a beneficial response of an organism to infection but, when prolonged or inappropriate, it can be detrimental. Neuronal loss in acute (e.g. stroke and head injury) and chronic [e.g. multiple sclerosis and AD...

... death pathways induced by cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. PKC (protein kinase C) ϵ plays a critical role in cardioprotective signalling pathways that protect the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion. Emerging evidence suggests that the cardioprotective target of PKCϵ resides at the mitochondria...

... be addressed (email jdoukas@targegen.com ). 30 10 2006 © 2007 The Biochemical Society 2007 inflammation ischaemia myocardial infarction oedema phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) MI (myocardial infarction) represents the heart's attempt to manage an I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury...

... of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 711, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A. (email vdawson@jhmi.edu ). 22 7 2006 © 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 brain excitotoxicity ischaemia preconditioning stroke Case studies in human stroke...

... the PC12 cells with inactive Akt constructs (T308A and/or S473A) also resulted in protection against OGD and potentiation of the protective effect of PC [ 16 ]. Akt cytoprotection hibernation ischaemia oligaemia small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) PC-induced tolerance that increases cell...

... an immunodepression syndrome, increasing the risk of infection. The contribution of individual cytokines and their intracellular signalling pathways to this response needs to be further investigated. Severe ischaemia causes necrosis accompanied by a strong inflammatory reaction that is believed to contribute...

... cell death of the heart and brain that occurs during reperfusion after a long period of ischaemia. Such reperfusion injury is a major problem during cardiac surgery and in the treatment of coronary thrombosis and stroke. Prevention of MPTP opening either directly, using agents such as cyclosporin...

... membranes can be detected in saponin-skinned fibres with spectrophotometric and oxygraphic methods. This is of special interest in respect to acute impairment of mitochondria during ischaemia/reperfusion. 6 8 1999 © 2000 Biochemical Society 2000 OM, outer membrane IMS, intermembrane space...