...Ian C. Scott; D. Gareth Rees; E. Suzanne Cohen Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines are important initiators of innate immunity and host defence; however, their uncontrolled activities can cause tissue-damaging inflammation. Consequently, IL-1 family cytokines have sophisticated regulatory...

.... 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email s.a.renshaw@sheffield.ac.uk ). 30 3 2009 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society 2009 inflammation interleukin in vivo imaging neutrophilic respiratory disease zebrafish Diseases of unresolved...

... muscles express several cytokines, which belong to distinct cytokine classes. IL-6 (interleukin-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by virtually all multinucleated cells including skeletal myocytes where it is produced in response to contraction. IL-6 is subsequently released into the circulation, where...

... 6 2007 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 atherosclerosis chemokine interleukin neutrophil stroke systemic inflammation Most stroke patients present with co-morbidities, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes or infection, all...

... Focused Meeting held at New Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Little France, Nr. Edinburgh, 19–20 November 2003 25 November 2003 © 2004 Biochemical Society 2004 apoptosis Bcl-2 interleukin Mcl-1 neutrophil Abbreviations used: Bcl-2, B-cell lymphocytic-leukaemia proto-oncogene...

... an extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain and cytoplasmic domain homologous with that of the interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) family. Upon stimulation, TLR recruits the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) via the adapter MyD88, ultimately leading to the activation of nuclear factor-κB. Cytokine production in response...

... RNA-dependent protein kinase)-independent, but TIRAP (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein)/Mal (MyD88-adapter-like)-dependent. In the present paper, we outline the recent controversy over the role of TIRAP/Mal in TLR2 and TLR4 signalling in the context of the current...