... against environmental factors, including microbial invaders. Multipotent intestinal stem cells are essential to epithelial regenerative capacity, generating a programed mixture of absorptive and secretory cell types. Mechanisms of epithelial growth and differentiation in response to endogenous or external...

...-specific mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase 1 (CMTR1) have been found to be independently regulated during embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation controlling the expression of overlapping and distinct protein families. During neural differentiation, RNMT is repressed and CMTR1 is up-regulated...

... processes related to cytoskeletal dynamics, polarity and gene transcription. In the last decade, major new advances have been made in understanding the regulatory role and mechanism of Rho GTPases in self-renewal, differentiation, migration, and lineage specification in tissue-specific signaling mechanisms...

... differ between undifferentiated stem or tumour cells and differentiated cells suggesting a possible link to tumorigenesis. In this mini-review, we discuss the available information about the role of ABCD transporters in cancer. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email viktor.hlavac@szu.cz...

...Rebecca J. Holley; Kate A. Meade; Catherine L.R. Merry Differentiation and subsequent specialization of every cell within an organism is an intricate interwoven process. A complex network of signalling pathways eventually leads to the specification of a multitude of different cell types able...

... of TOR (target of rapamycin) 1 and TOR2 in T. brucei . In a more recent study, we described a novel TOR kinase, named TOR4, which regulates differentiation from the proliferative infective form to the quiescent form. In contrast with TOR1 loss-of-function, down-regulation of TOR4 triggers an irreversible...

...Raymond A.A. Smith; Kate Meade; Claire E. Pickford; Rebecca J. Holley; Catherine L.R. Merry ES (embryonic stem) cell differentiation is dependent on the presence of HS (heparan sulfate). We have demonstrated that, during differentiation, the evolution of specific cell lineages is associated...

...Geraint M.H. Thomas Mizoribine induces the differentiation of promyelocytes by an unknown mechanism that relies on compromised guanine nucleotide synthesis. I have found that mizoribine also perturbs adenosine nucleotide levels in HL-60 promyelocytes, particularly ATP. To reconcile...

... culture systems for important renal cell types, such as proximal tubule cells and podocytes. This problem could be overcome if it were possible to direct the differentiation of kidney stem cells to renal cell types in vitro . In the present review, we highlight the potential of surface gradients of small...

... has emerged concerning the hierarchy of transcription factors that are implicated in pancreatic development, and it seems that the same set of transcription factors control pancreatic development in both rodents and humans. β-cell differentiation epithelium mesenchyme pancreas pancreatic...

... differentiation high-temperature requirement protein A1 (HtrA1) mineralization osteoarthritis osteoblast vascular smooth muscle cell Mammalian HtrA1 (high-temperature requirement protein A1) is a member of the family of HtrA (high-temperature requirement A) proteins originally identified in bacteria...

... system), and those that give rise to the various cell types in the retina. 1 email m.raff@ucl.ac.uk 30 6 2006 © 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 developmental timing differentiation glial development oligodendrocyte precursor retina development retinal precursor...

... the normal maintenance of this tissue: differentiation, migration, proliferation and apoptosis. Indeed, APC is involved in the regulation of β-catenin and it also is an important regulator of the cytoskeleton. Thus mutations in APC lead to the accumulation of β-catenin, which causes changes...

..., is implicated in many normal and pathological processes such as haemostasis and metastasis. Myeloid cell lines are used, extensively, to study many aspects of cellular proliferation, differentiation and function. In the present study, we have used flow cytometry and real-time PCR to investigate the role...

... differentiation growth factor receptor lysophosphatidic acid p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase proliferation sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) Abbreviations used: ASM, airway smooth muscle; GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor; GRK2, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2; IGF-1, insulin-like growth...