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Keywords: cytokine
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Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2021) 49 (5): 1963–1973.
Published: 08 September 2021
...Matthew Ratcliff; Richard Xu Zhou; Lutz Jermutus; Marko Hyvönen Many growth factors and cytokines are produced as larger precursors, containing pro-domains, that require proteolytic processing to release the bioactive ligand. These pro-domains can be significantly larger than the mature domains...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2017) 45 (5): 1105–1115.
Published: 12 September 2017
... aspects of inflammation including leucocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leucocyte–endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, EPA gives...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (2): 244–249.
Published: 20 March 2014
... inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by in vitro differentiated inflammatory and intestinal macrophages in Crohn's disease Immunology 2013 139 19 29 33 Ichikawa R. Takayama T. Yoneno K. Kamada N. Kitazume M.T. Higuchi H. Matsuoka K. Watanabe M...
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Biochem Soc Trans (2013) 41 (4): 1002–1007.
Published: 18 July 2013
...Olli Silvennoinen; Daniela Ungureanu; Yashavanthi Niranjan; Henrik Hammaren; Rajintha Bandaranayake; Stevan R. Hubbard JAK (Janus kinase) 2 plays a critical role in signal transduction through several cytokine receptors. JAKs contain a typical tyrosine kinase domain preceded by a pseudokinase [JH2...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2012) 40 (5): 1134–1139.
Published: 19 September 2012
... 3 CSK 4 [tripalmitoylcysteinylseryl-(lysyl) 4 ], resulted in increased secretion of IL-12 and IL-6. Increased cytokine secretion was associated with increased nuclear localization of NFAT that was not dependent on NF-κB or MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling [ 16 ]. In contrast...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2012) 40 (1): 215–218.
Published: 19 January 2012
... of SOCS-3 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 3), which binds and inhibits specific class I cytokine receptors. One important aspect of SOCS-3 functionality is its role as the specificity determinant within an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which targets cellular substrates for polyubiquitylation...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2012) 40 (1): 240–245.
Published: 19 January 2012
...Wendy C. Rowan; Janet L. Smith; Karen Affleck; Augustin Amour Chronic inflammation in the lung has long been linked to the pathogenesis of asthma. Central to this airway inflammation is a T-cell response to allergens, with Th2 cytokines driving the differentiation, survival and function...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2011) 39 (6): 1619–1627.
Published: 21 November 2011
.... In contrast, the elevation of anti-angiogenic factors that precede the clinical signs of pre-eclampsia fulfils the criterion of temporality. The second most important criterion is the dose–response relationship. Although such a relationship has not been proven between pro-inflammatory cytokines and pre...
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Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2011) 39 (2): 688–693.
Published: 22 March 2011
... is critical in controlling the stages of inflammatory response. The acute phase of inflammation is characterized by a T-lymphocyte:T h 2 cytokine profile and involves a co-ordinated migration of immune cells to the site of injury where production of cytokines and acute-phase proteins brings about healing...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2010) 38 (2): 327–330.
Published: 22 March 2010
... specific signalling components such as cytokines and growth factors. One can easily imagine the many components of the stroma and any adjacent epithelial as a multifactorial communication network. Normal epithelial cells depend on physiological support and signalling from the stroma to sustain...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2010) 38 (1): 21–28.
Published: 19 January 2010
... cytokine deubiquitinating enzyme signalling ubiquitin–proteasome system The ubiquitin–proteasome system has built a complex network of signals based on the diversity of ubiquitin linkages and their specific recognition. One of the levels of complexity of this fascinating regulatory system...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (6): 1191–1193.
Published: 19 November 2008
... the T-cell cytokine IL (interleukin) 2 [ 8 ] and other cytokines with AREs such as IL-10. Both TTP and BRF-1 have been shown to be induced rapidly in B-cells responding to antigen, and BRF-1 is induced following elevation of intracellular calcium in B-cells [ 10 ]. Other RBPs have been implicated...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 328–333.
Published: 21 May 2008
...Conny Gysemans; Hanne Callewaert; Lutgart Overbergh; Chantal Mathieu IFNγ (interferon γ), a cytokine typically secreted by infiltrating immune cells in insulitis in Type 1 diabetes, is by itself not detrimental to β-cells, but, together with other cytokines, such as IL-1β (interleukin 1β) and TNFα...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 491–496.
Published: 21 May 2008
...Heike Sandler; Georg Stoecklin TTP (tristetraprolin) is an RNA-binding protein that suppresses inflammation by accelerating the degradation of cytokine mRNAs. TTP binds to an AU-rich element in the 3′-untranslated region of its target mRNAs. In macrophages, the induction of cytokine expression...
Includes: Multimedia, Supplementary data
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 334–339.
Published: 21 May 2008
...Danielle Melloul Apoptotic β-cell death appears to be central to the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and in islet graft rejection. The β-cell destruction is partially mediated by cytokines, such as IL-1β (interleukin 1β), TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) and IFN-γ (interferon γ). IL-1β...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 340–342.
Published: 21 May 2008
...Jan A. Ehses; Marianne Böni-Schnetzler; Mirjam Faulenbach; Marc Y. Donath The pathology of islets from patients with Type 2 diabetes displays an inflammatory process characterized by the presence of immune cell infiltration, cytokines, apoptotic cells, amyloid deposits and, eventually, fibrosis...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 316–320.
Published: 21 May 2008
...F. Susan Wong; L. Khai Siew; Li Wen The autoimmune attack on pancreatic β-cells is orchestrated by a variety of cells that produce cytokines and other toxic mediators. CD8 + T-cells work together with other lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells to mediate this damage and have been shown...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 321–327.
Published: 21 May 2008
... and exposure to soluble mediators secreted by these cells, such as cytokines, oxygen free radicals and NO (nitric oxide) [ 2 , 3 ]. When β-cells are exposed in vitro to the cytokine IL-1β (interleukin 1β), or to IL-1β+IFN-γ (interferon γ), they present functional changes which are remindful of those observed...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (6): 1456–1460.
Published: 23 November 2007
... is one in which viral replication and release is not associated with inflammation. Furthermore, HPV infections disrupt cytokine expression and signalling with the E6 and E7 oncoproteins particularly targeting the type I IFN (interferon) pathway. High doses of IFN can overcome the HPV-mediated abrogation...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (5): 1295–1297.
Published: 25 October 2007
...B.K. Pedersen Low-grade chronic inflammation is a feature of Type 2 diabetes and appears to play a pathogenetic role in insulin resistance. It is well known that cytokines, besides their immunoregulatory roles, are important players in metabolism. Moreover, it has become evident that skeletal...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (4): 643–646.
Published: 20 July 2007
... that the ‘common denominators’ involved in matrix turnover include cytokine and growth factor signalling pathways that control the rates of matrix synthesis and breakdown, and which, in many disease processes, lead to an uncoupling of synthesis and breakdown and thereby the loss of homoeostasis. Evidently...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (4): 647–651.
Published: 20 July 2007
... that degrade them are normally under the control of diverse chemical and mechanical cues, with cytokines, growth factors, proteases, lipid mediators and mechanical forces playing roles. The maintenance of this homoeostasis is vital to the preservation of normal tissue function and is clearly lost in chronic...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (4): 802–806.
Published: 20 July 2007
...) cytokine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) monoclonal antibody transactivator of transcription (Tat) Mutations of transcription factor proto-oncogenes are a common feature of aggressive B-cell lymphomas [ 1 ]. A majority of aggressive lymphomas are of a subtype called DLBCL (diffuse large B...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (3): 446–450.
Published: 22 May 2007
... is an activation of the endothelium manifested by an increase in pro-inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules. Chylomicron remnants, such as LDL (low-density lipoprotein), are considered to be pro-atherogenic lipoproteins because they interact with endothelial cells and macrophages...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (2): 300–304.
Published: 20 March 2007
..., cytokines and chemokines, which contribute to tissue breakdown, but also strengthen and maintain the defence against infection [ 1 , 2 ]. Acute inflammation is usually self-limiting because the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines gives way to the anti-inflammatory cytokines as healing progresses [ 3...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (2): 250–252.
Published: 20 March 2007
...M.A. Guthridge; A.F. Lopez Cytokines and growth factors exert multiple biological activities through their ability to engage and activate specific receptors displayed on the surface of cells. How these receptors are able to differentially (and sometimes independently) regulate cell survival...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (6): 1018–1023.
Published: 25 October 2006
... gene induced by heat shock and oxidative stress [ 15 ]. It has since been shown to be up-regulated by other pro-inflammatory stress stimuli such as UV light and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 (interleukin 1) [ 16 – 18 ] ( Figure 1 ). In the context of innate immune responses, its induction...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (3): 409–413.
Published: 22 May 2006
... as co-receptors for some cytokines. In addition, HS is thought to be important for the localization of cytokines, acting both as a tissue store and as a mediator of morphogen gradient formation in development. The structural determinants of GAG–cytokine interactions are therefore clearly important...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2005) 33 (5): 1078–1081.
Published: 26 October 2005
... The Biochemical Society 2005 adipokine adipose tissue cytokine hypoxia inflammation metabolic syndrome White adipose tissue (WAT) has become the subject of considerable activity in recent years and is now a ‘hot spot’ in biomedical research. Much of the basis for this lies in the apparently...
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Biochem Soc Trans (2005) 33 (2): 423–427.
Published: 01 April 2005
.... However, n –3 fatty acids have a number of other effects that might occur downstream of altered eicosanoid production or are independent of this. For example, they result in suppressed production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and can modulate adhesion molecule expression. These effects occur at the level...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2005) 33 (1): 216–219.
Published: 01 February 2005
... ). CNT2 cytokine nucleoside salvage SLC28 Nucleosides and nucleotides play multiple roles in cell physiology. These molecules can be considered both as nutrients and as modulators of cell homeostasis. This dual role is explained by the fact that nucleosides and nucleotides are not only nucleic...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2004) 32 (6): 1093–1094.
Published: 26 October 2004
...S.A. Rushworth; M.A. O'Connell HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1) is a stress-inducible enzyme that plays a protective role in inflammation. Pro-inflammatory mediators, including lipopolysaccharide and cytokines, induce HO-1 expression. The 5′-flanking region of the HO-1 gene contains binding sites...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2002) 30 (6): 945–952.
Published: 01 November 2002
... Sciences, III Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A. (e-mail black009@niehs.nih.gov ) 17 6 2002 © 2002 Biochemical Society 2002 AU-rich element cytokine deadenylation ARE, AU-rich element BRF, butyrate-response factor ERF, EGF-response factor GM-CSF...
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