...) and a nitrogen from Arg 509 (the base). Several crystal structures have been determined for bacterial [NiFe] hydrogenases, showing similar folds, which reflect significant sequence conservation and very similar active sites [ 1 ]. Figure 1 shows the structure of (Hydrogenase-1; (Hyd-1)), a membrane-bound...

... mechanisms governing its mechanical and scaffolding functions. This knowledge is now being translated into the fabrication of self-assembling biopolymers. Here we review the structural advances on titin, the novel concepts derived from these and the emerging translational avenues. crystal structure multi...

... but clearly increases with the number of motifs. The crystal structures of some αRep proteins were solved and indicated that the proteins are folded exactly as expected. In Figure 1 , the structure of an αRep (name A3) randomly picked from the library is presented. αReps are folded as a succession of α...

...-arrestin crystal structure G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) modelling pharmacology What of the future? Arising from the meeting, we think that it is possible to see a number of important areas for future research in GPCR biology. The crystal structures are wonderfully revealing, but provide...

... bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of a number of important drug families, including antibiotics, antivirals and anticancer agents. The crystal structure of PepT So provides the first high-resolution model of a drug importer and provides the starting point for understanding drug and peptide transport...

... remains unclear. Recent advances in the solution of the crystal structures of P II proteins complexed with some of their target proteins, as well as the identification of the ATP/ADP- and 2-OG-binding sites, have improved our understanding of their mode of action. In all of the complex structures solved...

...+ -binding protein family. ALG-2 binds to its C-terminal proline-rich region that contains four tandem repeats of P X Y (where X represents an uncharged amino acid). Recent X-ray crystal structural analyses of the Ca 2+ -free and Ca 2+ -bound forms of ALG-2, as well as the complex with an Alix oligopeptide...

... proposed by various research groups have evolved as crystallographic and spectroscopic data have become available. The present review traces the evolution of these active-site models before and after the 2005 Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) pMMO crystal structure determination. 9 6 2008 pMMO...

... © The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society 2008 crystal structure c -type cytochrome dihaem cytochrome c nitric oxide dioxygenase Rhodobacter sphaeroides sphaeroides haem protein SHP ( sphaeroides haem protein; from the photosynthetic bacterium...

... To whom correspondence should be addressed (email gilbert@strubi.ox.ac.uk ). 10 4 2008 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society 2008 cryo-electron microscopy crystal structure initiation factor 1 (IF1) ligand bending ribosome translation There has been...

... 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 core promoter crystal structure pre-initiation complex RNA polymerase II TATA box transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) Transcription initiation requires assembly of general transcription factors at the promoter to form a PIC (reviewed in [ 3 ]). TFIIB...

... crystal structure dimerization DNA binding nuclear receptor transcription The AR (androgen receptor) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor subfamily of the nuclear receptors and therefore shares with its co-members a conserved three-domain structure consisting of an NTD (N-terminal...

... ATPase synthase aurovertin catalytic domain crystal structure inhibitory site mitochondrion The ATP synthases (F 1 F o -ATPases) are multisubunit assemblies found in the membranes of bacteria, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and the inner membranes of mitochondria. They couple...

...: Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-41-6 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan (email t-okada@aist.go.jp ). 17 6 2004 © 2004 The Biochemical Society 2004 crystal structure G-protein-coupled receptor membrane protein...

.... The formyltransferase from M. kandleri was characterized extensively with respect to thermo- and halophilicity. The crystal structure of the formyltransferase at 1.73 Å shows the enzyme to be composed of four identical subunits of molecular mass 32 kDa. The formyltransferase is thermostable and active only...

... to the class I aldolases. The crystal structure of the archaeal FBPA from T. tenax revealed that the protein fold, as for the classical FBPA I and II, is that of a parallel (βα) 8 barrel. A substrate-bound crystal structure allowed detailed active-site comparisons which showed the conservation of six important...

... oxidation. The crystal structures of the F87W/Y96F/V247L mutant with 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene or (+)-α-pinene bound have revealed the enzyme–substrate contacts and provided insights into the activity and selectivity patterns. The structures have also provided a novel basis for further engineering of P450cam...

... to elucidate their reaction mechanisms. Crystal structures of DHQS and EPSPS in the presence and absence of substrates, cofactors and/or inhibitors are now available. These structures reveal movements of domains, rearrangements of loops and changes in side-chain positions necessary for the formation...

...P. Sondermann; V. Oosthuizen Human Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) for the Fc portion of IgG are major mediators of the adaptive immune response. Crystal structures of their extracellular domains were recently solved and shown to obey a common fold, resulting in a heart-shaped structure. Together...

...-semialdehyde. The aldehyde is subsequently transaminated by glutamate-1-semi-aldehyde 2,1-aminomutase to yield 5-amino-laevulinic acid. The enzymic mechanism and the solved crystal structure of Methanopyrrus kandleri glutamyl-tRNA reductase are described. A pathway for metabolic channelling of the reactive...

... have been carried out in order to define a series of related subfamilies (SFs) with common sequence features thought to be important for channel formation. Crystal structures determined for a number of peptaibols from the various SFs provide the bases both for modelling of the channel structures...

... 2000 © 2001 Biochemical Society 2001 crystal structure post-translational modification protein radical substrate interaction ARP, Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase LiP, lignin peroxidase MNP, methylnitrosopropane VA, veratryl alcohol Protein Engineering of Peroxidases...