... oxidation of lipids. The sensitivity to ferroptosis is determined by the activity of antioxidant systems working on the repair of oxidized phospholipids and also metabolic pathways controlling the availability of substrates susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin E...

... to be elevated for several days, which has usually been interpreted to reflect increased ROS production. Levels of the antioxidant molecule GSH (reduced glutathione) are depleted for 1 month or longer following ultra-endurance exercise, suggesting an impaired capacity to cope with ROS. The present paper...

.... Yet, compared with other severe neuropathologies, RTT is not associated with marked neurodegeneration, but rather a chemical imbalance and miscommunication of neuronal elements. Different pharmacotherapies mediate partial improvement of conditions in RTT, and also antioxidants or compounds improving...

... review focuses on the different known mechanisms partaking in said anti-tumour effects, with particular emphasis on breast cancer. Their structure and reactivity allows flavonoids to work as antioxidant agents and phyto-oestrogens, modulating oestrogen signalling and metabolism to induce an overall anti...

...B. Halliwell The terms ‘antioxidant’, ‘oxidative stress’ and ‘oxidative damage’ are widely used but rarely defined. This brief review attempts to define them and to examine the ways in which oxidative stress and oxidative damage can affect cell behaviour both in vivo and in cell culture, using...

... biological attributes, which include mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, anti-platelet aggregation effect, anti-atherogenic property, oestrogen-like growth-promoting effect, growth-inhibiting activity, immunomodulation and chemoprevention. In fact, recently, it has been demonstrated...

... The Biochemical Society 2005 antioxidant disulphide glutathione glutathionylation redox regulation thiol Aerobic organisms reduce molecular oxygen (O 2 ) to water during respiration. However, the interaction with biological systems also generates intermediate steps in the reduction of O 2...

... and source of oxidant involved has been the subject of much speculation and is not resolved. The oxidation theory predicts that appropriate antioxidants will protect against atherosclerosis. Vitamin E has been used in several animal and human studies, but to date has shown little evidence of anti...

...E. Niki The oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) can be induced by various active species by different mechanisms. Vitamin E and other radical-scavenging antioxidants can inhibit the free radical-mediated oxidation of LDL, but they are not effective against LDL oxidation induced...

... intervention studies in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events have been, at best, inconclusive. This has led to a general consensus that antioxidant supplements are of no value in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in subjects at high risk. However, epidemiological studies have demonstrated...

... and utilization of the electron involved previously in the O 2 reduction. It is important that cytochrome c is not damaged during the antioxidant reaction, in contrast with many other antioxidants. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail skulach@belozersky.msu.ru ). 679th Meeting...

..., a most effective defence system to scavenge small dicarbonyl compounds such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Very importantly, this system needs GSH as a rate-limiting cofactor. Since GSH is limited under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation, supplementation with antioxidants such as lipoic acid...

...J.W. Whittaker The manganese and iron SODs (superoxide dismutases) form a superfamily of closely related antioxidant defence metalloenzymes. MnSOD requires Mn (not Fe) for activity. However, when MnSOD is expressed in Escherichia coli grown in medium supplemented with ferrous salts, Fe substitutes...

...-targeted probe molecules. Covalent attachment of a lipophilic cation leads to their accumulation into mitochondria, driven by the membrane potential. Molecules developed so far include antioxidants designed to intercept mitochondrial ROS and reagents that specifically label mitochondrial thiol proteins...

... factors for atherothrombosis or established atherothrombosis. The oxidant stress that ROS generate promotes endothelial dysfunction, causes oxidative injury to vascular cells, oxidizes lipoproteins and accelerates atherothrombogenesis. Antioxidant enzymes that are important in limiting vascular oxidant...

... shown to have changes in the levels of both copper and manganese. There is growing evidence that links prion diseases to disturbances of metal metabolism. 1 E-mail: bssdrb@bath.ac.uk 25 1 2002 © 2002 Biochemical Society 2002 antioxidant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prion...

... correspondence should be addressed (e-mail helen.wiseman@kcl.ac.uk ) 21 12 2000 © 2001 Biochemical Society 2001 oestrogen phytoestrogen oestrogen receptor genistein breast cancer antioxidant PPAR, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor ERα, classical oestrogen receptor ERβ...