... insulin resistance metabolism neuromodulation type 2 diabetes Insulin is a peptide best known by being produced by β-cells of the pancreatic islets in response to elevated blood glucose concentration, and by acting as an anabolic hormone, regulating energy metabolism. In turn, during fasting...

...@anu.edu.au ) 23 11 2018 24 2 2019 25 2 2019 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2019 amino acid metabolism amino acid transporters fibroblast growth factor 21 insulin secretion insulin signalling type 2 diabetes...

... of LC and direct infusion forms of MS it is now possible to profile the individual TAGs in blood plasma or tissue extracts. This mini review surveys the information that is obtainable from the lipidomic profiling of TAGs in following metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular...

...Sabrina Prudente; Vincenzo Trischitta Insulin resistance is pathogenic for many prevalent disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and several cancers...

...Timothy J. Pullen; Guy A. Rutter The progression of Type 2 diabetes is accompanied by diminishing islet β-cell mass and function. It has been proposed that β-cells are lost not only through apoptosis, but also by dedifferentiating into progenitor-like cells. There is therefore much interest...

...Jonathan M. Locke; Lorna W. Harries Recent studies in mouse, involving the β-cell-specific deletion of Dicer1, have highlighted the crucial role of miRNAs (microRNAs) in regulating insulin secretion and consequently Type 2 diabetes. Identifying the individual miRNAs involved in human islet...

... eukaryotes, it is critically involved in the responses to starvation for a carbon source. Because of its ability to switch cellular metabolism from anabolic to catabolic mode, AMPK has become a key drug target to combat metabolic disorders associated with overnutrition such as Type 2 diabetes, and some...

...David Ferland-McCollough; Susan E. Ozanne; Kenneth Siddle; Anne E. Willis; Martin Bushell T2D (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) is a major health issue that has reached epidemic status worldwide. T2D is a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance...

... of Type 2 diabetes in humans. However, when incubated in vitro , β-cells respond differentially to long-chain saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting that these molecules may regulate cell functionality by different mechanisms. In particular, it is clear that, whereas saturated fatty acids...

..., as well as regulation of secretion in response to glucose and muscarinic receptor agonists. Recently, the nPKC isoform, PKCϵ, has also been implicated in the loss of insulin secretory responsiveness that underpins the development of Type 2 diabetes. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed...

...Jan A. Ehses; Marianne Böni-Schnetzler; Mirjam Faulenbach; Marc Y. Donath The pathology of islets from patients with Type 2 diabetes displays an inflammatory process characterized by the presence of immune cell infiltration, cytokines, apoptotic cells, amyloid deposits and, eventually, fibrosis...

... study of the mutational mechanisms for a number of these has provided important insights into glucokinase regulation. Increased understanding of post-translational regulatory mechanisms holds the promise of novel pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of T2DM (Type 2 diabetes mellitus...

...) glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 (GLP1-R) G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) peptide binding Type 2 diabetes In order to better understand how GLP-1 [glucagon-like peptide-1-(7–36)-amide] and its analogues bind and activate the GLP-1R (GLP-1 receptor), our group have spent several years...

..., multigenic forms of the disease. Ultimately, this is a potential route to treatment of both disease types. This approach is discussed in relation to Type 2 diabetes, arising from both insufficient insulin production and insulin resistance. 1 email so104@medschl.cam.ac.uk 31 8 2006 ©...

..., mitochondrion; F, fat droplets; N, nucleus. A lower expression of genes encoding the mitochondrial machinery has been observed in muscle biopsies from individuals with Type 2 diabetes and their relatives [ 25 , 26 ] and this has triggered again the search for a contribution of a change...

.... These results support a role for UCP2 as a gene contributing to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes. Working from the premise that increased UCP2 expression or activity (alone, or in concert with other regulators) in diabetes can suppress insulin secretion sufficiently to cause hyperglycaemia, then strategies...

... are impaired. β-cell glucose metabolism nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) oxidative stress reactive oxygen species Type 2 diabetes © 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email frances.ashcroft@physiol.ox.ac.uk ). 24 7 2006...

... The Biochemical Society 2006 birth weight developmental programming epigenetic modification fetal growth maternal nutrition Type 2 diabetes Although fetal growth and development are driven by the programme encoded in its genome, the genetic regulation of fetal growth is influenced by the intra...