... in part by antagonizing the activity of associated proapoptotic proteins, including Bad Key words: apoptosis, ASK I , Bad, difopein. Abbreviations used: PKB, protein kinase B; ASK1 , apoptosis signal- regulating kinase I ; EYFP, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein. 'To whom correspondence should...

...@biochem.dundee.ac.uk ) 11 3 2002 © 2002 Biochemical Society 2002 AKT CKI dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and -regulated kinase (DYRK) forkhead nuclear exclusion PI 3-kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase PKB, protein kinase B PDKI, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 GSK3...

... phosphoinositide PPARγ agonist Ins(1,3,4,5)P 4 , inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate IRS-2, insulin receptor substrate 2 PI 3-kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase PKB, protein kinase B PPAR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor PtdCho, phosphatidylcholine Ptdlns(3,4,5)P 3 , phosphatidylinositol...

..., diacylglycerol ERK, extracellular responsive kinase PH, pleckstrin homology PI-3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase PKA, protein kinase A PKB, protein kinase B PKC, protein kinase C PKG, protein kinase G PDKI, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate-dependent protein kinase I PRK, PKC-related kinase Ptdlns...

...-type pyruvate kinase MAP, mitogen-activated protein PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PKB, protein kinase B SRE, sterol response element SREBP, sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein Insulin Action 5 6 7 8 9 10 I I I2 13 14 I5 Meyuhas, 0. and Hornstein, E. (2000) in Translational...

..., insulin response unit PEPCK, phos-phoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PKB, protein kinase B TK, thymidine kinase 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail richard.obrien@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu ) 9 4 2001 © 2001 Biochemical Society 2001 Biochemical Society Transactions...

... fluorescent protein ; Grp I , general receptor for phosphoinositides- I ; PH, pleckstrin homology; PHISH, 3osphoinositide- jnteracting Zrc-homology-containing protein; PI 3-kinase, phos- phoinositide 3-kinase; PLC-a,, phospholipase C-6, ; PKB, protein kinase B. 'To whom correspondence should be addressed (e...

... diabetes exercise glucose storage glycogen synthase insulin action GS, glycogen synthase GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3 mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin PDK, phosphatidylinositol-dependent protein kinase PI-3K, phospho-inositide 3-kinase PKB, protein kinase B PP, protein phosphatase...

...-kinase PKB, protein kinase B ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase PH, pleckstrin homology APS, adaptor protein containing PH and SH2 domains JAK Janus kinase SOCS, suppressors of cytokine signalling CAP, c-Cbl-associated protein PTB, phos-photyrosine...

...-BP, elF4E-binding protein GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3 mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin PKB, protein kinase B Insulin Action (Scheme 1). These pathways are triggered by hormones such as insulin and adrenaline but also by nutritional factors such as amino acids and glucose. In addition...

... protein kinase PKB, protein kinase B PKC protein kinase C PPIG, protein phosphatase IG PRK PKC-related kinase p90RSK, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase SGK, serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase S6K, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 e-mail: d.r.alessi@dundee.ac.uk 3 (0 Discovery of PDKI One...

...-terminal kinase MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase MEKK, MEK kinase MKK, MAPK kinase PI3K, phosphoinositide 3’-kinase PKB, protein kinase B pRb, retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein SAPK, stress-activated protein kinase cyclin-dependent kinases MAP kinases...

..., phosphoinositide 3-kinase PKB, protein kinase B PKC, protein kinase C SNAP, soluble NSF-attachment protein SNAP-23 and SNAP-25, 23 kDa and 25 kDa synaptosome-associated protein respectively SNARE, SNAP receptor t-SNARE, target SNARE v -SNARE, vesicule SNARE VAMP, vesicle-associated membrane protein...

... product SH2, Src homology 2 PH, pleckstrin homology PKB, protein kinase B PDK, PI-dependent kinase MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase Phospholipids: Regulators of Membrane Trafic and Signalling Chang, H. W., Aoki, M., Fruman, D...

... these distinct sig- nalling pathways results from the fact that each utilizes primarily the same substrate, Abbreviations used: IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; PLC, phospholipase C; PI 3-kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases; PKB, protein kinase B; PDKl, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent...