The colonic epithelium is lined along its apical membrane with ∼1014 bacteria/g of tissue. Commensal bacteria outnumber mammalian cells in the gut severalfold. The reason for this degree of commensalism probably resides in the recent recognition of the microbiome as an important source of metabolic energy in the setting of poorly digestible nutrients. As in many themes in biology, the host may have sacrificed short-term benefit, i.e. nutritional advantages, for long-term consequences, such as chronic inflammation or colon cancer. In the present review, we examine the role of TLR (Toll-like receptor) signalling in the healthy host and the diseased host. We pay particular attention to the role of TLR signalling in idiopathic IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) and colitis-associated carcinogenesis. In general, TLR signalling in health contributes to homoeostatic functions. These include induction of antimicrobial peptides, proliferation and wound healing in the intestine. The pathogenesis of IBD, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease may be due to increased TLR or decreased TLR signalling respectively. Finally, we discuss the possible role of TLR signalling in colitis-associated neoplasia.
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Conference Article|
November 23 2007
TLR4 signalling in the intestine in health and disease
M. Fukata;
M. Fukata
1Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, U.S.A.
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M.T. Abreu
M.T. Abreu
1
1Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, U.S.A.
1To whom correspondence should be addressed (email maria.abreu@mssm.edu).
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
August 20 2007
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Biochemical Society
2007
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (6): 1473–1478.
Article history
Received:
August 20 2007
Citation
M. Fukata, M.T. Abreu; TLR4 signalling in the intestine in health and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 2007; 35 (6): 1473–1478. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST0351473
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