The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with its expansive membranous system and a vast network of chaperones, enzymes, sensors, and ion channels, orchestrates diverse cellular functions, ranging from protein synthesis, folding, secretion, and degradation to lipid biogenesis and calcium homeostasis. Strikingly, some of the functions of the ER are exploited by viruses to promote their life cycles. During entry, viruses must penetrate a host membrane and reach an intracellular destination to express and replicate their genomes. These events lead to the assembly of new viral progenies that exit the host cell, thereby initiating further rounds of infection. In this review, we highlight how three distinct viruses — polyomavirus, flavivirus, and coronavirus — co-opt key functions of the ER to cause infection. We anticipate that illuminating this virus-ER interplay will provide rational therapeutic approaches to combat the virus-induced diseases.
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October 2020
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Cover Image
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centres required for the asymmetric division of neural stem cells, which support neurodevelopment, as discussed in a mini-review by Robinson and colleagues (pages 2101–2115) In the cover image, microtubules are shown in yellow and neural stem cells (aPKC) are magenta. Image provided by Dorothy Lerit.
Review Article|
October 29 2020
ER functions are exploited by viruses to support distinct stages of their life cycle
Yu-Jie Chen;
Yu-Jie Chen
*
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 3043, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Parikshit Bagchi;
Parikshit Bagchi
*
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 3043, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Billy Tsai
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 3043, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Correspondence: Billy Tsai (btsai@umich.edu)
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
August 23 2020
Revision Received:
September 29 2020
Accepted:
October 05 2020
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
2020
Biochem Soc Trans (2020) 48 (5): 2173–2184.
Article history
Received:
August 23 2020
Revision Received:
September 29 2020
Accepted:
October 05 2020
Citation
Yu-Jie Chen, Parikshit Bagchi, Billy Tsai; ER functions are exploited by viruses to support distinct stages of their life cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 30 October 2020; 48 (5): 2173–2184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20200395
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