The Golgi complex (GC) has an essential role in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. The GC of mammalian cells is composed of stacks of cisternae connected by membranous tubules to create a continuous network, the Golgi ribbon, whose maintenance requires several core and accessory proteins. Despite this complex structural organization, the Golgi apparatus is highly dynamic, and this property becomes particularly evident during mitosis, when the ribbon undergoes a multistep disassembly process that allows its correct partitioning and inheritance by the daughter cells. Importantly, alterations of the Golgi structure are associated with a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the core mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in both the maintenance and disassembly of the Golgi ribbon, and we also report on the signaling pathways that connect the disassembly of the Golgi ribbon to mitotic entry and progression.
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Cover Image
Cover Image
The cover image depicts a combination of a 3D reconstruction of ER-TGN contact sites by focus ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and five images showing the visualization of the contacts by FRET/FLIM. The 3D reconstruction of the Golgi stack was generated from FIB-SEM tomography of a HepG2 cell using IMOD software. The ER cisterna is shown in red (with ribosomes as white circles), while the trans-most cisterna of the Golgi stack is shown in green (with emerging clathrin-coated buds decorated by pink dots). The five FLIM images are from HeLa cells expressing a TGN reporter (TGN46-GFP) and an ER reporter (mCherry-Cb5). The pseudocolour scale represents donor (i.e. GFP) lifetime (τ) values ranging from 1.8 (blue) to 2.7 ns (red) under conditions that destabilize (left) or stabilize ER-TGN contact sites. For further information, see the review by Venditti and colleagues (pp. 187–197). Image courtesy of Maria Antonietta De Matteis.
The Golgi ribbon: mechanisms of maintenance and disassembly during the cell cycle
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