Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper enzymes discovered within the last 10 years. By degrading recalcitrant substrates oxidatively, these enzymes are major contributors to the recycling of carbon in nature and are being used in the biorefinery industry. Recently, two new families of LPMOs have been defined and structurally characterized, AA14 and AA15, sharing many of previously found structural features. However, unlike most LPMOs to date, AA14 degrades xylan in the context of complex substrates, while AA15 is particularly interesting because they expand the presence of LPMOs from the predominantly microbial to the animal kingdom. The first two neutron crystallography structures have been determined, which, together with high-resolution room temperature X-ray structures, have putatively identified oxygen species at or near the active site of LPMOs. Many recent computational and experimental studies have also investigated the mechanism of action and substrate-binding mode of LPMOs. Perhaps, the most significant recent advance is the increasing structural and biochemical evidence, suggesting that LPMOs follow different mechanistic pathways with different substrates, co-substrates and reductants, by behaving as monooxygenases or peroxygenases with molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as a co-substrate, respectively.
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December 2018
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Review Article|
October 31 2018
Recent insights into lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs)
Tobias Tandrup;
Tobias Tandrup
1Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100-DK, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kristian E. H. Frandsen
;
Kristian E. H. Frandsen
1Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100-DK, Copenhagen, Denmark
2INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Marseille, France
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Katja S. Johansen;
Katja S. Johansen
3Department for Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1958-DK, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Jean-Guy Berrin;
Jean-Guy Berrin
2INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Marseille, France
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Leila Lo Leggio
1Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100-DK, Copenhagen, Denmark
Correspondence: Leila Lo Leggio (leila@chem.ku.dk)
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
May 11 2018
Revision Received:
August 14 2018
Accepted:
August 28 2018
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
2018
Biochem Soc Trans (2018) 46 (6): 1431–1447.
Article history
Received:
May 11 2018
Revision Received:
August 14 2018
Accepted:
August 28 2018
Citation
Tobias Tandrup, Kristian E. H. Frandsen, Katja S. Johansen, Jean-Guy Berrin, Leila Lo Leggio; Recent insights into lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). Biochem Soc Trans 17 December 2018; 46 (6): 1431–1447. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20170549
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