Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mRNA translation is a complex process that uses the host translation machinery to synthesise viral proteins. Several mechanisms for HIV-1 mRNA translation initiation have been proposed including (1) cap-dependent, eIF4E-dependent, (2) cap-dependent, cap-binding complex-dependent, (3) internal ribosome entry sites, and (4) ribosome shunting. While these mechanisms promote HIV-1 mRNA translation in the context of in vitro systems and subgenomic constructs, there are substantial knowledge gaps in understanding how they regulate viral protein production in the context of full-length virus infection. In this review, we will summarise the different translation mechanisms used by HIV-1 mRNAs and the challenges in understanding how they regulate protein synthesis during viral infection.
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April 2017
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Cover Image
Cover Image
This artistic rendition shows an Atomic Force Microscopy tip probing the mechanics of an individual virus particle. The colour scale of the particle indicates the deformation and stress of the viral shell obtained with Finite Element Analysis. The applied force is monitored by focusing a laser beam at the end of the microcantilever. For more information please see study by Moreno-Madrid et al. in this issue, pages 499–511. Image provided by Pedro De Pablo.
Review Article|
April 13 2017
Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mRNA translation
Laura Hidalgo;
Laura Hidalgo
1Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
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Chad M. Swanson
1Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
Correspondence: Chad M. Swanson (chad.swanson@kcl.ac.uk)
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
September 30 2016
Revision Received:
January 06 2017
Accepted:
January 11 2017
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© 2017 The Author(s); published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
2017
Biochem Soc Trans (2017) 45 (2): 353–364.
Article history
Received:
September 30 2016
Revision Received:
January 06 2017
Accepted:
January 11 2017
Citation
Laura Hidalgo, Chad M. Swanson; Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mRNA translation. Biochem Soc Trans 15 April 2017; 45 (2): 353–364. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20160357
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