Tumours of the central nervous system are the most common solid tumour, accounting for a quarter of the 1500 cases of childhood cancer diagnosed each year in the U.K. They are the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. Treatment consists of surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Survival rates have generally increased, but many survivors suffer from radiotherapy-related neurocognitive and endocrine side effects as well as an increased risk of secondary cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy is normally given in combination to circumvent chemoresistance, but several studies have demonstrated it to be ineffective in the absence of radiotherapy. The identification of children with drug-resistant disease at the outset could allow stratification of those that are potentially curable by chemotherapy alone. Ultimately, however, what is required is a means to overcome this drug resistance and restore the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Medulloblastomas and ependymomas account for over 30% of paediatric brain tumours. Advances in neurosurgery, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy have led to improvements in 5-year overall survival rates. There remain, however, significant numbers of medulloblastoma patients that have intrinsically drug-resistant tumours and/or present with disseminated disease. Local relapse in ependymoma is also common and has an extremely poor prognosis with only 25% of children surviving first relapse. Each of these is consistent with the acquisition of drug and radiotherapy resistance. Since the majority of chemotherapy drugs currently used to treat these patients are transport substrates for ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) we will address the hypothesis that ABCB1 expression underlies this drug resistance.
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October 2015
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Review Article|
October 09 2015
ABCB1 in children's brain tumours
Beth Coyle;
Beth Coyle
1
*Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
1To whom correspondence should be addressed (emailbeth.coyle@nottingham.ac.uk).
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Maya Kessler;
Maya Kessler
*Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
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Durgagauri H. Sabnis;
Durgagauri H. Sabnis
*Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
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Ian D. Kerr
Ian D. Kerr
†School Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
June 01 2015
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© 2015 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited
2015
Biochem Soc Trans (2015) 43 (5): 1018–1022.
Article history
Received:
June 01 2015
Citation
Beth Coyle, Maya Kessler, Durgagauri H. Sabnis, Ian D. Kerr; ABCB1 in children's brain tumours. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2015; 43 (5): 1018–1022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20150137
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