CoA (coenzyme A) is an essential cofactor in all living organisms. CoA and its thioester derivatives [acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) etc.] participate in diverse anabolic and catabolic pathways, allosteric regulatory interactions and the regulation of gene expression. The biosynthesis of CoA requires pantothenic acid, cysteine and ATP, and involves five enzymatic steps that are highly conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The intracellular levels of CoA and its derivatives change in response to extracellular stimuli, stresses and metabolites, and in human pathologies, such as cancer, metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. In the present mini-review, we describe the current understanding of the CoA biosynthetic pathway, provide a detailed overview on expression and subcellular localization of enzymes implicated in CoA biosynthesis, their regulation and the potential to form multi-enzyme complexes for efficient and highly co-ordinated biosynthetic process.
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Conference Article|
August 11 2014
Coenzyme A biosynthetic machinery in mammalian cells
David Lopez Martinez;
David Lopez Martinez
*Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
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Yugo Tsuchiya;
Yugo Tsuchiya
*Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
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Ivan Gout
Ivan Gout
1
*Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
1To whom correspondence should be directed (emaili.gout@ucl.ac.uk).
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
April 30 2014
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society
2014
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (4): 1112–1117.
Article history
Received:
April 30 2014
Citation
David Lopez Martinez, Yugo Tsuchiya, Ivan Gout; Coenzyme A biosynthetic machinery in mammalian cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 2014; 42 (4): 1112–1117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20140124
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