The assembly of lipid droplets is dependent on PtdIns(4,5)P2 that activates PLD1 (phospholipase D1), which is important for the assembly process. ERK2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 2) phosphorylates the motor protein dynein and sorts it to lipid droplets, allowing them to be transported on microtubules. Lipid droplets grow in size by fusion, which is dependent on dynein and the transfer on microtubules, and is catalysed by the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-attachment protein receptor) proteins SNAP-23 (23 kDa synaptosome-associated protein), syntaxin-5 and VAMP-4 (vesicle-associated protein 4). SNAP-23 is also involved in the insulin-dependent translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Fatty acids induce a missorting of SNAP-23, from the plasma membrane to the interior of the cell, resulting in cellular insulin resistance that can be overcome by increasing the levels of SNAP-23. The same missorting of SNAP-23 occurs in vivo in skeletal-muscle biopsies from patients with T2D (Type 2 diabetes). Moreover, there was a linear relation between the amount of SNAP-23 in the plasma membrane from human skeletal-muscles biopsies and the systemic insulin-sensitivity. Syntaxin-5 is low in T2D patients, which leads to a decrease in the insulin-dependent phosphorylation of Akt (also known as protein kinase B). Thus both SNAP-23 and syntaxin-5 are highly involved in the development of insulin resistance.
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October 2009
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Conference Article|
September 21 2009
The assembly of lipid droplets and its relation to cellular insulin sensitivity
Pontus Boström;
Pontus Boström
*Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Linda Andersson;
Linda Andersson
*Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lu Li;
Lu Li
*Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Rosie Perkins;
Rosie Perkins
*Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kurt Højlund;
Kurt Højlund
†Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Jan Borén;
Jan Borén
*Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sven-Olof Olofsson
Sven-Olof Olofsson
1
*Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
1To whom correspondence should be addressed (email Sven-Olof.Olofsson@wlab.gu.se).
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
March 12 2009
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society
2009
Biochem Soc Trans (2009) 37 (5): 981–985.
Article history
Received:
March 12 2009
Citation
Pontus Boström, Linda Andersson, Lu Li, Rosie Perkins, Kurt Højlund, Jan Borén, Sven-Olof Olofsson; The assembly of lipid droplets and its relation to cellular insulin sensitivity. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2009; 37 (5): 981–985. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST0370981
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