Residual dipolar couplings as a tool to study molecular recognition of ubiquitin

RDCs (residual dipolar couplings) in NMR spectroscopy provide information about protein dynamics complementary to NMR relaxation methods, especially in the previously inaccessible time window between the protein correlation time τ_c and 50 μs. For ubiquitin, new modes of motion of the protein backbone could be detected using RDC-based techniques. An ensemble of ubiquitin based on these RDC values is found to comprise all different conformations that ubiquitin adopts upon binding to different recognition proteins. These conformations in protein–protein complexes had been derived from 46 X-ray structures. Thus, for ubiquitin recognition by other proteins, conformational selection rather than induced fit seems to be the dominant mechanism.