Effective stroke therapies require recanalization of occluded cerebral blood vessels; however, early reperfusion can cause BBB (blood–brain barrier) injury, leading to cerebral oedema and/or devastating brain haemorrhage. These complications of early reperfusion, which result from excess production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), significantly limit the benefits of stroke therapies. Here, we summarize some of the findings that lead to the development of a novel animal model that facilitates identification of specific free radical-associated components of the reperfusion injury process and allows therapeutic interventions to be assessed. In this model, KO (knockout) mice containing 50% activity of the mitochondrial antioxidant manganese-SOD (superoxide dismutase) (SOD2-KO) undergo transient focal ischaemia followed by reperfusion. These animals have delayed (>24 h) BBB breakdown associated with activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, inflammation and a high brain haemorrhage rate. These adverse consequences are absent from wild-type littermates, SOD2 overexpressors and minocycline-treated SOD2-KO animals. In addition, using microvessel isolations following in vivo ischaemia/reperfusion, we were able to show that the tight junction membrane protein, occludin, is an early and specific target in ROS-mediated microvascular injury. This new model is ideal for studying ischaemia/reperfusion-induced vascular injury and secondary brain damage and offers a unique opportunity to evaluate free radical-based neurovascular protective strategies.
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December 2006
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Conference Article|
October 25 2006
A new approach for the investigation of reperfusion-related brain injury
C.M. Maier;
C.M. Maier
1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS #P357, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, U.S.A.
1To whom correspondence should be addressed, at Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University (email cmaier@stanford.edu).
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L. Hsieh;
L. Hsieh
1Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS #P357, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, U.S.A.
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T. Crandall;
T. Crandall
1Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS #P357, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, U.S.A.
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P. Narasimhan;
P. Narasimhan
1Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS #P357, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, U.S.A.
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P.H. Chan
P.H. Chan
1Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS #P357, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, U.S.A.
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
July 21 2006
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© 2006 The Biochemical Society
2006
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (6): 1366–1369.
Article history
Received:
July 21 2006
Citation
C.M. Maier, L. Hsieh, T. Crandall, P. Narasimhan, P.H. Chan; A new approach for the investigation of reperfusion-related brain injury. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 2006; 34 (6): 1366–1369. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST0341366
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