The design of biocatalytic processes for industrial synthetic chemistry is determined in large part by the choice of isolated enzyme or whole-cell catalyst form. In the present paper, the considerations for choice are identified and some important classes of bioconversion are discussed in relation to the choice to be made. Recent developments in cell and protein engineering as well as reactor and process engineering are discussed in addition.

Keywords:
biocatalytic process, catalyst cost, cell engineering, isolated enzyme catalyst, protein engineering, whole-cell catalyst
© 2006 The Biochemical Society
2006
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