Cell cycle progression is a tightly controlled process. To initiate cell division, mitogens trigger a number of early signals that promote the G0–G1 transition by inducing cell growth and the activation of G1 cyclins. Activation of cyclin E/cdk2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2) at the end of G1 is then required to trigger DNA synthesis (S phase entry). Among the early signals induced by mitogens, activation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) appears essential to induce cell cycle entry, as it regulates cell growth signalling pathways, which in turn determine the rate of cell cycle progression. Another mechanisms by which PI3K and its downstream effector protein kinase B regulate cell cycle entry is by inactivation of the FOXO (Forkhead Box, subgroup O) transcription factors, which induce expression of quiescence genes such as those encoding p27kip, p130 and cyclin G2. PI3K/FOXO then work as a complementary switch: when PI3K is active, FOXO transcription factors are inactive. The switch is turned on and off at different phases of the cell cycle, thus regulating cell cycle progression.
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April 2004
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Conference Article|
April 01 2004
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Forkhead, a switch for cell division
L. Martínez-Gac;
L. Martínez-Gac
Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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B. Álvarez;
B. Álvarez
Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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Z. García;
Z. García
Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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M. Marqués;
M. Marqués
Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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M. Arrizabalaga;
M. Arrizabalaga
Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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A.C. Carrera
A.C. Carrera
1
Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
1To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail acarrera@cnb.uam.es).
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© 2004 Biochemical Society
2004
Biochem Soc Trans (2004) 32 (2): 360–361.
Citation
L. Martínez-Gac, B. Álvarez, Z. García, M. Marqués, M. Arrizabalaga, A.C. Carrera; Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Forkhead, a switch for cell division. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 2004; 32 (2): 360–361. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0320360
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