... coronaviruses are already endemic in the global population [ 13 ], it would be advantageous for a clinical diagnostic test to specifically distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from other coronavirus infections. In this study, two independent strategies are demonstrated to improve specific sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro...

... includes several agricultural and companion animal species [ 8 ]. In this regard, coronavirus disease in humans appears to arise through zoonotic transfer and has resulted in enormous worldwide morbidity and mortality as well as significant economic loss. Given that coronaviruses appear to have crossed...

... Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) . antiviral coronavirus COVID-19 Coronaviruses encode multiple enzymes important for viral replication [ 1 ], and any of these could be attractive drug targets. We identified inhibitors of seven enzymes, described in the accompanying papers. Table 1...

... in other coronaviruses, it is thought that the SARS-CoV-2 RTC is anchored on the membrane by transmembrane domains located in nsps 3, 4 and 6. Many of the nsps, the nucleocapsid protein and many host proteins are recruited into the RTC. Key activities of the RTC are the synthesis and capping of the viral...

... that can unwind DNA or RNA in an NTP-dependent manner with a 5′ to 3′ polarity [ 17–21 ]. Moreover, nsp13 harbours RNA 5′-triphosphatase activity that could play a role in viral 5′ RNA capping [ 18 , 20 , 22 ]. Nsp13 is highly conserved among SARS-like coronaviruses with 99.8% sequence identity (600 out...

... etiologic agent is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. Coronaviruses rely on the enzymatic activity of the replication–transcription complex (RTC) to multiply inside host cells. The RTC core catalytic component is the RNA-dependent...

.../nsp8), the RNA helicase (nsp13), the RNA exoribonuclease (nsp14/nsp10), the RNA endoribonuclease (nsp15) and the RNA Cap methyltransferases (nsp14 and nsp16/nsp10), which together support proliferation of the virus. Therefore, coronaviruses contain a wide variety of enzymes that are potential targets...

... all coronaviruses, with SARS-CoV-1 and 2 sharing roughly 96% sequence identity with the greatest degree of sequence conservation around the active site [ 14 ]. Nsp5 cleaves polyproteins after a glutamine residue, which is the case for the vast majority of coronavirus main proteases but is rare...

..., otherwise known as cap-0. Finally, the nsp16/nsp10 complex is responsible for 2′-O methylation of the cap ribose to form cap-1, which is the terminal cap structure on viral RNAs ( Figure 1B ). The nsp14 enzyme in SARS-CoV-2, similar to other coronaviruses, carries dual functionality as both...

... ) The SARS-coronavirus papain-like protease: Structure, function and inhibition by designed antiviral compounds . Antiviral Res. 115 , 21 – 38 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.12.015 16 Lei , J. , Kusov , Y. and Hilgenfeld , R. ( 2018 ) Nsp3 of coronaviruses: Structures and functions...

... ) The molecular virology of coronaviruses . J. Biol. Chem. 295 , 12910 – 12934 10.1074/jbc.REV120.013930 8 V'kovski , P. , Kratzel , A. , Steiner , S. , Stalder , H. and Thiel , V. ( 2020 ) Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2 . Nat. Rev. Microbiol...

... the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) . Coronavirus nsp7–10 polyprotein 1a/ab polyprotein conformation posttranslational control SARS-CoV Coronaviruses have gained much attention as the causative agents for the outbreaks of human respiratory syndromes such as severe...

... ) From SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses . Antiviral Res. 100 , 286 – 295 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.015 3 Brierley , I. , Digard , P. and Inglis , S.C. ( 1989 ) Characterization of an efficient coronavirus ribosomal frameshifting...