Inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is regulated by intestinal absorption via type II sodium-dependent co-transporter (Npt2b) and by renal reabsorption via Npt2a and Npt2c. Although we previously reported that vitamin A-deficient (VAD) rats had increased urine Pi excretion through the decreased renal expression of Npt2a and Npt2c, the effect of vitamin A on the intestinal Npt2b expression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of vitamin A, on the Pi absorption and the Npt2b expression in the intestine of VAD rats, as well as and the underlying molecular mechanisms. In VAD rats, the intestinal Pi uptake activity and the expression of Npt2b were increased, but were reduced by the administration of ATRA. The transcriptional activity of reporter plasmid containing the promoter region of the rat Npt2b gene was reduced by ATRA in NIH3T3 cells overexpressing retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR). On the other hand, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) induced transcriptional activity of the Npt2b gene. Knockdown of the C/EBP gene and a mutation analysis of the C/EBP responsible element in the Npt2b gene promoter indicated that C/EBP plays a pivotal role in the regulation of Npt2b gene transcriptional activity by ATRA. EMSA revealed that the RAR/RXR complex inhibits binding of C/EBP to Npt2b gene promoter. Together, these results suggest that ATRA may reduce the intestinal Pi uptake by preventing C/EBP activation of the intestinal Npt2b gene.
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Attenuating the function of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is an objective for the investigation and treatment of several diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this issue Gunnell and colleagues (pp. 787–800) present their findings which inform the molecular basis of CARM1 ligand binding and identify differences between CARM1 and PRMT1 that can inform drug discovery efforts. The cover image shows binding pockets of adenosine, SAM amino acid, and substrate binding channel generated using a CARM1·H3 tail peptide·sinefungin complex crystal structure. Image provided by Ingrid Dreveny.
All-trans retinoic acid reduces the transcriptional regulation of intestinal sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter gene (Npt2b)
Masashi Masuda, Hironori Yamamoto, Yuichiro Takei, Otoki Nakahashi, Yuichiro Adachi, Kohta Ohnishi, Hirokazu Ohminami, Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura, Hiroshi Sakaue, Makoto Miyazaki, Eiji Takeda, Yutaka Taketani; All-trans retinoic acid reduces the transcriptional regulation of intestinal sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter gene (Npt2b). Biochem J 28 February 2020; 477 (4): 817–831. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20190716
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