Modulation of exocytosis is integral to the regulation of cellular signalling, and a variety of disorders (such as epilepsy, hypertension, diabetes and asthma) are closely associated with pathological modulation of exocytosis. Emerging evidence points to protein phosphatases as key regulators of exocytosis in many cells and, therefore, as potential targets for the design of novel therapies to treat these diseases. Diverse yet exquisite regulatory mechanisms have evolved to direct the specificity of these enzymes in controlling particular cell processes, and functionally driven studies have demonstrated differential regulation of exocytosis by individual protein phosphatases. This Review discusses the evidence for the regulation of exocytosis by protein phosphatases in three major secretory systems, (1) mast cells, in which the regulation of exocytosis of inflammatory mediators plays a major role in the respiratory response to antigens, (2) insulin-secreting cells in which regulation of exocytosis is essential for metabolic control, and (3) neurons, in which regulation of exocytosis is perhaps the most complex and is essential for effective neurotransmission.
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Review Article|
August 01 2003
The role of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in exocytosis
Alistair T. R. SIM;
Alistair T. R. SIM
1
∗School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, and Clinical Neuroscience Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
1To whom correspondence should be addressed (email Alistair.Sim@newcastle.edu.au).
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Monique L. BALDWIN;
Monique L. BALDWIN
∗School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, and Clinical Neuroscience Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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John A. P. ROSTAS;
John A. P. ROSTAS
∗School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, and Clinical Neuroscience Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Jeff HOLST;
Jeff HOLST
†Centre for Immunology, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Russell I. LUDOWYKE
Russell I. LUDOWYKE
2
†Centre for Immunology, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
March 31 2003
Revision Received:
May 09 2003
Accepted:
May 16 2003
Accepted Manuscript online:
May 16 2003
Online ISSN: 1470-8728
Print ISSN: 0264-6021
The Biochemical Society, London ©2003
2003
Biochem J (2003) 373 (3): 641–659.
Article history
Received:
March 31 2003
Revision Received:
May 09 2003
Accepted:
May 16 2003
Accepted Manuscript online:
May 16 2003
Citation
Alistair T. R. SIM, Monique L. BALDWIN, John A. P. ROSTAS, Jeff HOLST, Russell I. LUDOWYKE; The role of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in exocytosis. Biochem J 1 August 2003; 373 (3): 641–659. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20030484
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