One of the first steps in host-cell invasion by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii occurs when the parasite attaches by its apical end to the target host cell. The contents of apical secretory organelles called micronemes have recently been implicated in parasite apical attachment to host cells. Micronemes are regulated secretory vesicles that discharge in response to elevated parasite intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i). In the present study we found that ethanol and related compounds produced a dose-dependent stimulation of microneme secretion. In addition, using fluorescence spectroscopy on tachyzoites loaded with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2, we demonstrated that ethanol stimulated microneme secretion by elevating parasite [Ca2+]i. Furthermore, sequential addition experiments with ethanol and other Ca2+-mobilizing drugs showed that ethanol probably elevated parasite [Ca2+]i by mobilizing Ca2+ from a thapsigargin-insensitive compartment of neutral pH. Earlier studies have shown that ethanol also elevates [Ca2+]i in mammalian cells. Thus, because it is genetically tractable, T. gondii might be a convenient model organism for studying the Ca2+-elevating effects of alcohol in higher eukaryotes.
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September 1999
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Research Article|
August 24 1999
Ethanol and acetaldehyde elevate intracellular [Ca2+] and stimulate microneme discharge in Toxoplasma gondii
Vern B. CARRUTHERS;
Vern B. CARRUTHERS
1
*Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, U.S.A.
1To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Silvia N. J. MORENO;
Silvia N. J. MORENO
†Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, U.S.A.
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David L. SIBLEY
David L. SIBLEY
*Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, U.S.A.
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
March 05 1999
Revision Received:
May 18 1999
Accepted:
June 22 1999
Online ISSN: 1470-8728
Print ISSN: 0264-6021
The Biochemical Society, London © 1999
1999
Biochem J (1999) 342 (2): 379–386.
Article history
Received:
March 05 1999
Revision Received:
May 18 1999
Accepted:
June 22 1999
Citation
Vern B. CARRUTHERS, Silvia N. J. MORENO, David L. SIBLEY; Ethanol and acetaldehyde elevate intracellular [Ca2+] and stimulate microneme discharge in Toxoplasma gondii. Biochem J 1 September 1999; 342 (2): 379–386. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3420379
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