The HSPDE4A gene spans 50 kb, consists of at least 17 exons and is orientated 5´–3´, telomere to centromere. It is located at chromosome 19p13.2, being 350 kb proximal to the gene encoding TYK2 and 850 kb distal to the gene encoding the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Its structure is consistent with the production of active ‘long ’ and ‘short ’ isoenzymes as the result of alternative mRNA splicing at two splice junctions. Identified is the single alternatively spliced 5´ exon encoding the unique N-terminal region of the long isoenzyme HSPDE4A4B (pde46). The upstream conserved regions, UCR1 and UCR2, which form characteristic domains of PDE4 long forms are each encoded by three exons. The PDE4A-subfamily-specific linker region LR1, which joins UCR1 and UCR2, is encoded by two exons, whereas LR2, which joins UCR2 to the catalytic unit, is encoded by a single exon. Identification of exons encoding an enzymically inactive product of this gene, HSPDE4A8A (2el), indicates that this is an authentic gene product. The 5´ exon encoding the unique N-terminal region of the human homologue of the rodent isoform RNPDE4A1A (RD1) was located, and the splice junction used to produce this short PDE4A isoform shown to occur at a different position from that seen in both the rat PDE4B and PDE4D genes. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis indicates that RD1 homologues are conserved across species, having a conserved membrane-targeting region and a hypervariable LR2 region. Human RD1 was expressed transiently in COS-7 cells and detected as an 83 kDa species primarily associated with the high-speed membrane fraction. Human RD1 exhibited a Km for cAMP of about 3 µM, an IC50 value for inhibition by the PDE4-selective inhibitor rolipram of about 0.3 µM and was considerably more thermostable than rat RD1. Human RD1 was generated as a mature 80 kDa species in an in vitrotranscription–translation system and shown to be capable of binding to membranes. Knowledge of the gene structure and the associated sequence information should facilitate analysis of the involvement of PDE4A in hereditary disorders that may result from alterations in enzyme expression, activity, regulation and intracellular targeting and serve as a resource for determining authenticity of cloned PDE4A species.
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August 1998
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Research Article|
August 01 1998
Identification and characterization of the human homologue of the short PDE4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase RD1 (PDE4A1) by analysis of the human HSPDE4A gene locus located at chromosome 19p13.2
Michael SULLIVAN;
Michael SULLIVAN
1
*Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IBLS, Davidson and Wolfson Buildings, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
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Graham RENA;
Graham RENA
*Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IBLS, Davidson and Wolfson Buildings, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
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Fiona BEGG;
Fiona BEGG
*Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IBLS, Davidson and Wolfson Buildings, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
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Laurie GORDON;
Laurie GORDON
†Human Genome Center, Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, L-452, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.A.
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Anne S. OLSEN;
Anne S. OLSEN
†Human Genome Center, Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, L-452, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.A.
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Miles D. HOUSLAY
Miles D. HOUSLAY
2
2To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
April 07 1998
Accepted:
April 27 1998
Online ISSN: 1470-8728
Print ISSN: 0264-6021
The Biochemical Society, London © 1998
1998
Biochem J (1998) 333 (3): 693–703.
Article history
Received:
April 07 1998
Accepted:
April 27 1998
Citation
Michael SULLIVAN, Graham RENA, Fiona BEGG, Laurie GORDON, Anne S. OLSEN, Miles D. HOUSLAY; Identification and characterization of the human homologue of the short PDE4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase RD1 (PDE4A1) by analysis of the human HSPDE4A gene locus located at chromosome 19p13.2. Biochem J 1 August 1998; 333 (3): 693–703. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3330693
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