We have investigated the effects that iron limitation provokes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exponential cultures. We have demonstrated that one primary response is the induction of bulk autophagy mediated by TORC1. Coherently, Atg13 became dephosphorylated whereas Atg1 appeared phosphorylated. The signal of iron deprivation requires Tor2/Ypk1 activity and the inactivation of Tor1 leading to Atg13 dephosphorylation, thus triggering the autophagy process. Iron replenishment in its turn, reduces autophagy flux through the AMPK Snf1 and the subsequent activity of the iron-responsive transcription factor, Aft1. This signalling converges in Atg13 phosphorylation mediated by Tor1. Iron limitation promotes accumulation of trehalose and the increase in stress resistance leading to a quiescent state in cells. All these effects contribute to the extension of the chronological life, in a manner totally dependent on autophagy activation.
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In the brain, cocaine exposure results in mitochondrial DNA damage, depletion of ATP and increased oxidative stress, coupled with increased mitochondrial fission. Therapies preventing such bioenergetic impairment may hold promise in mitigating cocaine pathology and addiction. You can read more about this in the review by Thornton and colleagues (pp. 749–764) in this issue. Image provided by Claire Thornton.
Bulk autophagy induction and life extension is achieved when iron is the only limited nutrient in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Sandra Montella-Manuel, Nuria Pujol-Carrion, Mónica A. Mechoud, Maria Angeles de la Torre-Ruiz; Bulk autophagy induction and life extension is achieved when iron is the only limited nutrient in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 26 February 2021; 478 (4): 811–837. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20200849
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